Hello all,
Today I will conclude my overview of the Hutsuls by talking about those in Romania. When the current border was drawn, part of Hutsulshchyna was left south of the border.
The Hutsuls in Romania are divided into two groups, those in Suceava County, and those in Maramureș County. This is not just a political division. The divide of the Carpathian Mountains passes along the border. The Hutsul villages east of the mountains lie on the Bistritsa and Suceava Rivers, which flow east and south, and join the Danube near the delta. Those on the west side of the mountains lie on the Ruscova and Bistra Rivers, which flow into the Tisa at Bistra - Khmeliv, which then flows west into Hungary, then south, where it joins the Danube near Belgrade.
The Hutsuls who live in Suceava County form part of the same ethnic region as those of the Putyla region, just to the north. The image at the head of the article is from this region. The costume is the same. The cut of the sorochka is the same as in other parts of Hutsulshchyna, with the shoulder inset sewn to the sides of the body. The shoulder, front, cuffs, collar, and often the sleeve are embroidered with typical dense Hutsul embroidery, usually in cross stitch. The sleeve is not gathered into the shoulder. The khlopyanka cut is also found, but this comes from influence from lowland Bukovyna.
The lower body garment is the opinca, a wrap skirt, held in place by a sash, striped, or very often, patterned.
The kyptar is found in the same two forms as in the Putyla region. The first is the sapianka, with curvilinear applique in burgundy kidskin.
The second is the style in which the bulk of the ornament is in the form of polychrome floral embroidery, resembling Hungarian or Romanian ornament. Both of these are also found in the Putyla region.
There is one photo which I have found from as far south as Dorna Vatra, Vatra Dornei which suggests that they may be added to this region.
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However the embroideries collected by Kolbenheier in this village do not seem Hutsul.
However the embroideries he collected in Kirlibaba Cârlibaba are clearly Hutsul.
As are the ones from Moldovy, Moldova-Sulița.
Some more images from this region.
Brodyna village
Unknown village
Modern photos of models dressed in Museum pieces. Some of these show much influence from Lowland Bukovyna.
Thank you for reading. I hope that you have found this to be interesting and informative.
Roman K.
email: rkozakand@aol.com
Source Material:
Florea Bobu Florescu, 'Portul Popular din Moldova de Nord', Bucarest, 1991
Tancred Bănățeanu et al, 'Arta Populara in Republica Populara Romina', Sibiu, 1955
Yaroslava Kozholianko, 'Traditional Dress of Bukovyna', Chernivtsi, 1994
Eric Kolbenheier, 'Specimen Embroideries of the Peasant Home Industry in the Bucovina', 1974 Canadian reprint.
A. O. Kratiuk et al, 'The Kolomyja Museum of Hutsul Folk Art', Kyjiw, 1991
Stepan Pavliuk et al. 'Etnohrafixhni Hrupy Ukrajintsiw Karpat - Hutsuly', Kharkiw, 2020
Olena Nykorak et al, 'Hutsul's'ka Vyshywka', Rodovid, 2010
Olena Kul'chyts'ka, 'Narodnyj Odiah Zakhidnykh Oblastej Ukrajiny', reprint L'viw, 2018
Roman Reinfuss, 'Karpacki Swiat Bojkow i Lemkow', Krakow, 2016
Hryhorij Smol'skyj, 'Kosmats'ki Vustawky', L'viw, 2001
Alicja Wozniak, 'Wyrozniemi Strojem - Huculszczyna Tradycja i Wpolczesnosc', Lodz, 2012
Mykola Domashews'kyj, Istoria Hutsulshchyny', Chicago, 1975
Myroslava Shandro, 'Hutsul's'ki Vyshywky', Cherniwtsi, 2010
Iryna Svjontek, 'Hutsuls'ki Vyshywky Karpat, vol 3', Ivano Frankiwsk, 2008
Iryna Svjontek, 'Hutsuls'ki Vyshywky Karpat, vol 4-5', L'viw, 2016
Iryna Karpynets', 'Keptari Ukrajins'kykh Karpat', L'viw, 2003
Eudokia Sorochaniuk, 'Nyzynka - Embroidery of the Hutsuls, Pennsauken, NJ, 2002
V. H. Zabolotnyj et al. 'Ukrajins'ke Narodne Dekoratyvne Mystetsvo', Kyjiw 1956
Tetyana Kara Vasylieva, 'Ukrajins'ka Vyshywka', Kyjiw 1993
Romana Labrosse et al, 'Timeless Treasures', New York, 2018
Yevhen Shevchenko, 'Yevhenia Henyk', Kyiv 2007
